Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) project defined leadership as “… the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members.”
According to the Encyclopedia of New Venture Management, leadership is "leadership is generally a process whereby a person influences others to accomplish a set of goals or objectives within an organization".
Over time, our understanding of "leadership" has moved from control, power, and domination by a leader (1900s-1930) to influence, persuade, and personality traits to exhibit to gain followers (1930s-1940s) to leading in group settings (1950s) to influencing followers to achieve shared goals (1960s) to influencing and inspiring others to support organizational objectives (1970s-1980s). The latest, the 1990s to now, seek out "authentic leadership" where leaders are self-aware, transparent, balanced, and moral based on personality traits and overall behaviors.
Successful leaders are often credited with having high social intelligence, the ability to embrace change, inner resources such as self-awareness and self-mastery, and above all, the capacity to focus on the things that truly merit their attention.
Effective leaders are also likely to share some key personality traits, including sociability, ambition, and curiosity—and these traits may be more relevant to the role than intelligence. Genetics appear to influence leadership ability, due to inherited personality traits, but environmental factors such as education and opportunity play a significant role as well.
From Psychology Today, Practicing Leadership Pg 4; 10-11, Leadership in the New Venture Management Encyclopedia.
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